RESUMO
This study focused on investigating the potential of Artificial Intelligent-powered Virtual Assistants (VAs) such as Amazon Alexa, Apple Siri, and Google Assistant as tools to help individuals seeking information about Nicotine Replacement Treatment (NRT) for smoking cessation. The researchers asked 40 NRT-related questions to each of the 3 VAs and evaluated the responses for voice recognition. The study used a cross-sectional mixed-method design with a total sample size of 360 responses. Inter-rater reliability and differences between VAs' responses were examined by SAS software, and qualitative assessments were conducted using NVivo software. Google Assistant achieved 100% voice recognition for NRT-related questions, followed by Apple Siri at 97.5%, and Amazon Alexa at 83.3%. Statistically significant differences were found between the responses of Amazon Alexa relative to both Google Assistant and Apple Siri. Researcher 1's ratings significantly differed from Researcher 2's (p = .001), but not from Researcher 3's (p = .11). Virtual Assistants occasionally struggled to understand the context or nuances of questions, lacked in-depth information in their responses, and provided generic or unrelated responses. Virtual Assistants have the potential to be incorporated into smoking cessation interventions and tobacco control initiatives, contingent upon improving their competencies.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Young adults often derive self-identity from affiliation with peer crowds, which may be defined as reputation-based peer groups centered around characterizable lifestyle norms. Little is known about peer crowds prevalent among Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islander (AANHPI) populations and the peer crowds' normative tobacco and other substance use behavior. To address this gap in knowledge, this study conducted focus groups with young adult community college students. METHODS: Focus group discussions were conducted with a convenience sample of 42 young adults (Mean age = 21.5, SD = 2.7) recruited across community colleges on O'ahu, Hawai'i. The participants represented 60% women, 55% NHPI, and 29% Asian American. RESULTS: Results indicated the presence of a wide range of peer crowds in the population, which may be classified into the following seven categories prevalent in the literature: Regular, Academic, Alternative, Athlete, Geek, High Risk, and Popular. Several peer crowds within the Alternative, Athlete, Geek, High Risk, and Popular categories appeared to represent subcultures relevant for NHPI young adults. High-risk peer crowds were reported to be vulnerable to different types of substance use. Tobacco product use, particularly e-cigarette use or vaping, was noted to be characteristically present among Popular crowds and certain Athlete crowds. CONCLUSION: Tobacco and other substance use prevention interventions, such as mass media campaigns, may benefit from targeting high-risk peer crowds, especially those relevant for NHPI young adults, who are at high risk for tobacco and other substance use. E-cigarette use prevention interventions may benefit from paying close attention to vulnerable Popular and Athlete groups.